Greek Goddess Athena, Minerva, Goddess of Wisdom

She sums up many of the Greeks gifts to Western culture, from philosophy to olive oil to the Parthenon. Athena, daughter of Zeus, joined the Olympians in a dramatic way and figured in many founding myths, including taking an active part in the Trojan War. She was the patron of the city of Athens; its iconic Parthenon was her shrine. And as the goddess of wisdom, the strategy of war, and the arts and crafts (agriculture, navigation, spinning, weaving, and needlework), she was one of the most important gods to the ancient Greeks. The Birth of Athena Athena is said to have emerged fully formed from the head of Zeus, but there is a backstory. One of Zeus many loves was an Oceanid named Metis. When she became pregnant, the King of Gods remembered the danger he posed to his own father, Cronos, and in turn, how Cronos dealt with his father Ouranos. Wary of continuing the cycle of patricide, Zeus swallowed his lover. But Metis, in the darkness of Zeus interior, continued to carry her child. After some time, the King of Gods came down with a royal headache. Calling upon the blacksmith god Hephaestus (some myths  say it was Prometheus), Zeus asked that his head be split open, whereupon sprang gray-eyed Athena in her glory. Myths About Athena Befitting the patron of one of Hellas greatest city-states, Greek goddess Athena appears in many classic myths. Some of the most famous ones include: Athena and Arachne: Here, the Goddess of the Loom takes a skilled but boastful human down a peg, and by transforming Arachne into tiny, eight-legged weaver, invents the spider. The Gorgon Medusa: Another tale of Athenas vengeful side, the fate of Medusa was sealed when this beautiful priestess of Athena was wooed by Poseidon in the goddess own shrine. Snakes for hair and a petrifying gaze ensued. The Contest for Athens: Once again pitting the grey-eyed goddess against her uncle Poseidon, the contest for the patronage of Athens was decided for the god who bestowed the best gift to the city. Poseidon brought forth a magnificent (salt water) spring, but wise Athena gifted an olive tree—a source of fruit, oil, and wood. She won. The Judgement of Paris: In the unenviable position of judging a beauty contest between Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, the Trojan Paris put his money on the one Romans would call Venus. His prize: Helen of Troy, nà ©e Helen of Sparta, and the enmity of Athena, who would tirelessly back the Greeks in the Trojan War. Athena Fact File Occupation: Goddess of Wisdom, Warcraft, Weaving, and Crafts Other Names: Pallas Athena, Athena Parthenos, and the Romans called her Minerva Attributes: Aegis—a cloak with the head of Medusa upon it, spear, pomegranate, owl, helmet. Athena is described as gray-eyed (glaukos). Powers of Athena: Athena is the goddess of wisdom and crafts. She is the patron of Athens. Sources: Ancient sources for Athena include: Aeschylus, Apollodorus, Callimachus, Diodorus Siculus, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Nonnius, Pausanias, Sophocles and Strabo. A Son for a Virgin Goddess: Athena is a virgin goddess, but she has a son. Athena is credited with being part-mother of Erichthonius, a half-snake half-man creature, through an attempted rape by Hephaestus, whose seed spilled on her leg. When Athena wiped it off, it fell to earth (Gaia) who became the other part-mother. The Parthenon: The people of Athens built a great temple for Athena on the acropolis, or high point, of the city. The temple is known as the Parthenon. In it was a colossal gold and ivory statue of the goddess. During the annual Panathenaia festival, a procession was made to the statue and she was clothed in a new outfit. More: Since Athena was born without a mother -- sprung from her fathers head -- in an important murder trial, she decided that the role of the mother was less essential in creation than the role of the father. Specifically, she sided with the matricide Orestes, who had killed his mother Clytemnestra after she had killed her husband and his father Agamemnon.

Relationship Between Pay And Motivation Essay - 1718 Words

Motivation comes from the Latin word ‘Movere’, meaning ‘to move (Cooper, 2002, p176) define as different types of factors that activate, direct and support behaviour to help to achieve our goals. Employee motivation is set or factors, that cause an employee to achieve work tasks or goals. That is what causes you to act in a certain way. There are two primary theories of motivation that are often used by employers: extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. In this essay I will be looking at two different theorists with different views on relationship between pay and motivation. Maslow and Taylor are two theorists that I will be looking at and comparing the pay and motivation. Maslow s theory uses hierarchy of needs. Maslow states that there are 5 main levels of needs. Physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. Physiological and safety need are also called basic needs like having food to eat water to d rink security so the person knows and can be sure in tomorrow’s day. Taylor had a simple view about what motivated people at work – money. He assumed that all the workers should be treated like machines. Taylor would be motivating employees by giving them needed hygiene factors and then paid per the number of items they produce in a set period of time- piece-rate pay. This is a basic overview of theories which will de discussed later in this essay. Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908, Brooklyn, New York. HeShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Motivation And Performance Of Workers Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Motivation derived from Latin word† Movere†, it is the drive which motivates to perform better. There is a link between motivation and performance. It is already resulted from previous studies that the motivated employees give more positive outcomes. To further investigate the relation among motivation and performance of workers. The research statement is designed to evaluate the relationship between motivation and employee’s performance. To evaluate the relationship, the quantitative researchRead MoreHow Employees Can Be Motivated To Higher Levels Of Performance By Better Compensation Packages1732 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to history, the notion of compensation for work pre-dates to sometime between 10,000 BC and 1,000 BC during the Neolithic Revolution (Wikipedia). Back then, salt was used as payment till around 560 BC when coins came into circulation and money was invented (Wikipeida). Money became widely used as the payment for labour. To date, money is s till the main medium of exchange between employer and employee. In today’s highly competitive market, organisations are often faced with increased competitionRead MoreQuestions On The Industrial Revolution1668 Words   |  7 Pages RAFAEL Z. I/O PSYCHOLOGY FINAL PAPER 1 More Bang For Your Buck? Pay vs. Motivation Rafael Zavala Fall 2015 RAFAEL Z. I/O PSYCHOLOGY FINAL PAPER 2 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Review of Major Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Review of Chosen studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4-7 Rà ©fà ©rences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Author’s Reflection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 RAFAEL Z. I/O PSYCHOLOGY FINAL PAPER 3 Ever since the marking of the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)Read MoreTypes of Motivation1118 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation is defined as the accumulation of different process which influence and direct our behavior to achieve a goal (Negussie, 2012). According to Deci, there are two broad classes of motivation, which are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. He states: â€Å"A person is intrinsically motivated if he performs an activity for no apparent reward except the activity itself. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity because it leads to external rewardsRead MoreHow Incentive Pay Is A Good Motivator For Individual Worker?1573 Words   |  7 Pagesthink that incentive pay is a good motivator for individual worker? Meta-analytic results show that increasing the connection between performance and pay can be very effective for motivational performance. Incentive plans that tolerate early failure and reward long-term success lead to more innovation and better performance than fixed wages or standard pay-for-performance incentive schemes. 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The authors examined several motivational theories and put forward their ideas on the concepts and application of motivational techniques. The authors’ work provides insight into the psychology of motivation and the different factors and theories that affect it. My conclusion is in line with the authors’, motivated employees are needed forRead MoreCross Cultural Difference Of Pdi ( Uae Vs Usa )1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthat higher-ranked managers decide autocratically. However, they do not acknowledge minorities like such MNC’s since almost 15% working in such organizations have employed Emiratis (locals) too. Hence to support the above stated inverse correlation between logical empowerment and power distance, this change is owing to the internationalization where expatriation has become cross-cultural management studies’ main topic. These studies talked about how expatriates adapt and work effectively in another

How to get a record deal free essay sample

Entertainment Insiders on What Gets You Signed! While working at universal/ISRC, my ex boss used to say, the easiest thing Is, getting signed -Unique Beanies The phone rings and on the other end is a voice, that cant quite express himself, at least not intelligently. The typical random caller to the label that wants to sign his artist usually says something like Uh My name is blah blah.. .. And uh, I got an artist, You know He real big out here, and mum I want send you his stuff, and sit down with the CEO. Yeah, right. Having a sit-down with the CEO of a well known record label should be the last thing on your mind. You should be working on whats going to get your artist recognized by fans and ARs, among other things. When I got such calls working at the label, I provided what I thought was the best advice and direction I could give the caller In the few minutes we had on the phone together, As an executive assistant to the CEO, I never had the time to provide any more than that. I made a mental note to put everything Id learned by observing and speaking to colleagues about how artists could Increase their chances of being heard ND/or signed Into writing, one day. Eve quit the label since then, and now have plenty of time to share. Times have changed drastically, and with them, the Entertainment Industry as a whole. Im convinced the formula for success In this Industry changes by an nth of a degree every day. Demands from fans are forever changing, but we all know that fans will always love undeniably good music.To keep up with these demands, record companies usually offer a single, digital distribution, Remington/ring-tune, PEP, LAP, or multiple album deal. Typically, single or digital distribution deals are given to artists hat already have a buzz of some kind. Theyre more experimental for a label, to gather statistics on the artists potential sales. This would help the label determine whether or not to enter a full album deal with them. If a song already has a buzz, its likely a record company will plan to promote the record to a larger market, enabling profit from digital sales. An only share what Eve observed over the course of 6 years working at a label. The majority of the artists signed to this label already had a buzz or a production team behind them. Its extremely hard to break into the recording industry, so Im going to share what Eve learned from what industry insiders believe will help get you your deal. Now that Eve provided some background Information, while reading the rest of this article, keep in mind that I worked at a small, but well known Hip-Hop/R/Pop record company that was backed by one of the Majors, universal Records.The information I provide may not apply to every act, but definitely applies to many. Also as an artist myself, Im currently using what Eve learned to further my own musical career. 1 OFF promotions representatives, heres what Eve compiled after asking this question: From your experience working in the industry or being an observer of it, give me the single most important thing you feel an artist needs, or needs to do to sign with a major. Note: Eve removed titles and names so readers can observe th e consistency in the feedback provided. No matter the title or experience, they all pretty much converge at the following 10 pointers. . Hard work En working at the label, my ex boss, Gabby Achieved used to tell me, The easiest thing IS getting signed First and foremost, anyone with common sense should know this, but we are not talking about Just hard work, we are talking about slaving and lea sacrifice. DC VIAL, an associate of mine, recounted to me many times the days and NIGHTS he went from station to station, and club to club promoting his mix-tape; As a Russian / Jewish D], he struggled through adversities in an industry where he Nas considered a minority. No one was trying to hear anything from him.He had to grind more than the average DC in his game, losing sleep and money to get where he IS today. If you listen to any nobody turned successful individuals story, they tend to share common themes. Theyll all evoke the same feelings of struggle, passion, and sacrifice, but they will also say that each experience lends to who they are as a successful person today. Today Vial runs a successful online hip-hop site and has invested in numerous endeavors. Working day and night, consistently, will get you noticed. Labels appreciate hard workers. Like the quote above says, the easiest thing is getting signed.The hard work starts with proving your sales potential to avoid being shelved essentially keeping your Job. 2. Be independent This label rep says: They need to be able to be independent, once they can do everything on their own and not need a major; thats when they get signed to one. If {o can get your song on the radio, great; Youve accomplished something without the help of a major. But most likely as a new artist, it will be extremely tough as some radio stations wont even look at your record unless you are already signed to a major or sub-major.It may also depend on the market you are trying to break into; like NY, LA, or TTL. Smaller markets may be easier. It varies across the board, with marketing, and sales. If you cant sell a certain amount as an independent artist, then dont expect for a label to step in and want to help you. A label should only be there to signify you; Take what youve already done, and make it greater, better, bigger. Get Nat I mean? An A says: they need to prove what they were able to accomplish on their own (I. E. Stats sales, tour, Merck, social networking, marketing, etc. I feel this gives the label confidence about what is possible for that artist. A label might say If the artist was capable of getting all the fans and exposure on their own, imagine hat good we can do for them. But what the artist needs to understand before we sign them is that they need to follow the rules, and do what we tell them to do. Signing to a major is giving the reigns to your project to someone else and saying l need more help selling my music, and by saying that, you need to be completely open and cooperative to what we do, and let us do our Jobs. . Be Polished A marketing rep says: Be polished before u get to them [label] I. E. : your look/image, performance, voice, etc should be on point. Make labels come to you. Basically, labels know how hard it is to break and develop an artist, so they want the artist to do it on {o might have better luck with a smaller label, or sub-label. But sign to the major erectly, and you can bet that most likely, youll be shelved or delayed. At a small label, there are fewer artists for the team to focus on, so the focus will be on you.If [o are going to sign to a label, large or small, it also works in your favor to have had already developed a fan base, because youll get a bigger deal, and you are in the forefront. A prime example is Drake. Years ago, the buzz on Drake in the industry was fierce. Everyone wanted to sign him. I know Drake had big goals for himself; He didnt Ant to sign to any label right away, avoiding small start up budgets, and any chance hat he wouldnt be priority. This is the case for many artists, but Drake pushed himself so well, to a point where he was able to release a record and become #1 on the charts.This didnt happen overnight, it was years of hard work that eventually got the right people behind him. But even before Drake officially ended up with Young Money, he had passed on many offers. Im not saying that exactly what worked for Drake will work for you, but this example proves that once you have a worthy buzz, all types of offers can come. Once an artist is label ready, its now safe to present. 4. Mass Appeal A Jar. Exec says you have to appeal too mass audience, call it mainstream if you will. (o need to be talented and distinct. Not following what everyone else does. Id like to add that cookie cutter artists only last a minute, and record labels may find it difficult to develop lasting careers for them, but I believe its K to come out sounding like everyone else to get your records played and to establish a name with the main stream. After youve done that, Id say it might be safer to come out with {Our complete, distinct sound. 5. Singles/Hits Now we are talking about a record deal here. A label wants hits. If you dont have hem, stay independent. You might have an easily identifiable and unique sound and thats great, but your chances for a deal may still be minimal, if any at all.For the purposes of getting your deal, you have to have at least 3 surefire hits. A label focuses more on a single by an artist, rather than the artist with the single; Its the faster route to making a profit from your music. 6. Hustle Fool A Radio Promotion rep says simply, sell units independently and lord get significant beds/immediate spins on the radio, Labels are lazy when it comes to artist development. You need to do the work yourself and then hope for distribution, once o get the radio interested in your record.. ND you deliver a final product it keeps the label from having to invest too much time in artist development ARing your records Aha, I think your beginning to get it. Its all reverting to doing it yourself, and being ready for a label to approach. I assure you, its the truth, and its also a grind. It may not always be easy to get a record played, but it is possible, youll never know in this Industry. It may help you as an artist, to start with your top 3 records. Map out a marketing plan. Ask friends and family what they think of your records.Do some research on how to distribute your songs to an online radio station. You can even try satellite or XML stations. Instead of starting with major radio stations, start with the of venues you want to perform in. If its a club record, you might want to visit your local club/venue, buy the DC a drink, and ask him or her to play your record. These are all viable ideas. Its always easier to start small and local, it builds your confidence as an artist, and builds a track record. Have a spin on the radio? Make sure its been encoded in BEDS or Immediate.This will enable you to track where your songs are eyeing played. Endeavor to call a station, or visit a town to do a show. These are good Ideas for free promotion. Try performing for free! Ads, promoters, and now-a-days floggers, can do wonders for your career, so always make sure you show them love, and do so genuinely and wholeheartedly. 7. Dedication and Persistence In addition to #1, pay close attention to these words from a label president. To me the most important thing is dedication and persistence, they must be willing to do anything and everything, and sacrifice their time.They cant expect to be made stars overnight; champions arent made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep down inside them a desire, a dream, and a vision. They have to have last minute stamina, they have to be a little faster, they have to have the skill and the will but the will must be stronger than the skill 8. Cosign It can be simply Who Ho know An executive assistant states that an artist needs a lot of the right influence and clout behind them supporting them. saw it with my own eyes, Asher Roth, a White boy from Connecticut, trying to be a rapper. I heard many make fun of his whole ordeal; How can this skinny white boy think hes going to move units? In all honesty, it was that exact question that drew me to him as an artist). His situation was like the lottery to me. I used to say, hey, you never know. Who am I to knock someone? I thought he was very cool, and yes, he had talent. Another factor in why people believed in his project was the fact that he had someone with influence and clout behind him, someone that believed in him enough to bring him to Steve Riffing.Now, Asher worked his ass off, and was discovered on Namespace. That hard work led him to be discovered by his manager. Asher continued to work hard, but with an influential force behind him, it was that much easier for IM to get that deal. With his new manager, came financial backing, he was able to get his own promotion/publicity team and so forth. Not all of us are lucky enough to find someone that believes in us on the first try, but if you continue to work hard enough to develop a worthy buzz as #1 states, trust me, that person or persons will come. 9.Swagger Talent means nothing if u dont have something that makes people care that youre talented at least, as far as music goes After reading this several times, I couldnt decipher exactly what the person actually meant, but what I draw from it is that you just be likeable, have charisma, and attitude, or something unique about you. I remember an exec I worked closely with stating he was undecided about signing an act, due to the overwhelming roster of artists currently on his label. He wasnt sure hed have the $ and staff to support the artist, but he fell in love with the artists personality and later on signed the artist. To this day, I believe it was that persons charisma that won the executive over. As an artist myself, Im always being told things think thats what works for me. People also say that mysterious works for me. Like Asher Roth the thing they thought would work against me, might actually be what Norms for me. Just be who you are and mean to be. However Im sure the average artist reading this doesnt need me to preach, because if you are trying to make it in this game, theres no room for tender egos, only room for the strong.Another executive sums it up with, one needs: personality, talent and star potential 10. Wait, TTS not Just Talent? In addition to having a vision, this digital marketing guru states that an artist in todays game needs 360 degrees of Talent not Just great music, which is the most important thing obviously, but strong ideas on how to market themselves, and talent for how they should be perceived out there in the public to make them win Now, Eve provided a wealth of advice on what insiders have deemed as valuable Information on what can get an artist a deal, but remember there are always special cases.Youll never know what rare incidences may occur in the process. The 10 tips above apply to the mass/majority of artists trying to make it in the game. Its time for me to go study, so until next time. Feel free to leave your feedback, and suggestions on other topics youd like me to explore.

IVAN DENISOVICH Essay Example For Students

IVAN DENISOVICH Essay One day in the life of Ivan Denisovichby Alexander SolzhenitsynIn Alexander Solzhenitsyns novel One Day in The Life Of Ivan Denisovich Ivan Denisovich is portrayed as the hero in the novel. The American Heritage Dictionary Of the English Language High School Edition states that a hero is The principle male character in a novel, poem, or dramatic presentation. The word hero is also suggested to mean Any male noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose; especially, one who has risked of sacrificed his life.Ivan Denisovich in most ways fits the description of a hero in its dictionary meaning. Ivan is the protagonist of the novel. He was arrested while in the army and accused of betraying the Soviet Union by forming an alliance with the Germans as a spy. With the communist form of government in place at this time Ivan was forced to confess to the crimes that were charged against him because he would otherwise be executed. At this time he had he has a wife and children back in his village, but he was only allowed to write to them twice a year. He is serving the ninth year of a ten-year sentence. Ivan is his first name and Denisovich is his patronymic name. The form of his name in the title is a form of respectful address in Russian. During the course of the novel, however, he is generally referred to as Shukhov. He is a member of the 104th squad. He is regarded as just another inmate. He and the other men are often referred to as zeks, which is an abbreviated form of the Russian word for prisoner. Ivan Denisovich Shukhov is the novels title character and protagonist he is not an extraordinary man, but neither is he an anti-hero. His different characteristics cannot be brought to the forefront because of the way a communist government is run. There is no room for individual glory in this setting. He is an individual trapped in the same situation as millions of other Russians, and he goes about his daily business with the same diligence and complacency as the others. He has very good qualities that most Russians do not have. Ivan has good work ethics that seem to be lacking in every other character in the novel. Ivan has compassion for his work and takes pride in all he does.

Ethics Corruption Essay Example

Ethics: Corruption Essay Ethics: Corruption Name: Class Name: Section number: We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Corruption specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Corruption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Corruption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Institution: Tutor: Date: Ethics: Corruption Introduction Some small actions done may be misinterpreted due to poor communication. On the other hand, there are other actions that are interpreted to lead to results, which are considered as extremes. These are called fallacies. Ethical values pertaining corruption and moral behavior, whether inbuilt or adopted can be misinterpreted or poorly communicated if one fails to follow the appropriate procedures. In this relation, the theories regarding public corruption are real as compared to being a slippery slope argument. Discussion One of the things that can lead to poor results of communication is the slippery slope. This is a form of argument explaining that exceptions to a rule can lead to the general ignoring of the rule. In other words, a small step may lead to more other steps which will in the end have results of significant impact. For example, if a rule is to be applied at all times, applying the rule some of the time may lead to the general abandonment of the rule. The slippery slope argument can be greatly associated with gratuities. In most cases, gratuities are given out of goodwill. They are mostly offered to the people in the restaurant and hotel business, and other service rendering departments. In other words, this is the offering of tips. Some hotels, for example, disapprove the acceptance of tips and other gratuities from customers. A manager sees a member of staff taking a tip from a customer because the staff member picked the customer’s car from the garage. This is not part of the staff’s job description), and then allows it to continue for a couple of more times due to the extra service rendered by other staff members to customers, the slippery slope argument states that this gratuity rule will be ignored. The staff members will start accepting gratuities even for normal services rendered. This same case may also occur in the police department and other public offices rendering services. The three theories of corruption; the society at large hypothesis, the affiliation or the structural hypothesis and the rotten apple hypothesis can all be related to the slippery slope argument. The society-at-large hypothesis asserts that the public is sometimes responsible for corruption in the public offices and departments. For example, if the public gives the people in the immigration department for the first processing of their documents or the retrieval of any documents, then these public servants will always expect gratuities from the public before or after they perform these tasks even though it is part of their job description. Such acts of the public are also seen in the police department when the public needs the police security. According to the slippery slope argument, the continuous behavior of the public rendering these gratuities will lead to the extreme result of corruption in the public servant (Cheney, 2010). Although these may be a fallacy, it has been evident in various sectors. Why do some people get their documents processed faster than others yet both groups went to the same offices? Why do some people’s cases receive more attention more than others yet they are of the same magnitude? The affiliation or structural hypothesis asserts that public officials may become corrupt because their seniors are corrupt. This means that corruption can trickle down from the seniors down to the lower level staff. For example, if a high ranking police officer is given extra money by a local gang in order to protect them or prevent any attack from the police officers, the lower ranking officers will take the path and take gratuities from the citizens in the name of â€Å"if the senior is accepting, we will also accept† (Cheney, 2010). The rotten apple hypothesis asserts that some people are simply corrupt to the core due to a number of reasons. They might have been influenced by their upbringing, their environment, friends or their personal issues. In most cases, it seems as if corruption is in ‘their blood’. It is hard to make them stop this unethical behavior. For example, if a man is in the customer care department in the immigration department, and is accused of taking gratuities from the public, he is reprimanded and transferred to the customer service in the banking industry. He will still find ways of receiving gratuities from the customers. The main challenge occurring due to the behavior in this people is that they can be of great influence to the rest of the public servants. Although these theories may be considered to fall in the slippery slope argument, they are evident in most cases. Wilson had researched on Chicago Police Department when he came up with these theories. Statistics in the African countries have indicated that most corruption cases among the public cases are caused by the public (Von, 2008). The most affected are those in the police department. Furthermore, the public goes ahead and gives gratuities to those at the senior ranks. In this way, these seniors only issue orders to those at the subordinate categories for them to perform particular tasks. These tasks are such as the quick recovery of a document. This is done ahead of the queue and raises suspicion from the rest of the staff, the staff concludes that the senior has been bribed. If such cases occur frequently, the staff starts accepting gratitude from the public (Highhouse Gregarus, 2009). Although there are other facts to be considered, it is also important to recognize the great influence a leader has. It is also good to recognize that persistence bears fruit as in the case of the society-at-large hypothesis. Conclusion The theories are more evident in the developing countries as compared to being just part of the slippery slope argument. The public, the leaders and the individual public servants have a role to play pertaining to their ethical behavior. In most cases, it takes the decision of an individual to stop these corruption cases. If the leaders would lead by positive example, the public to act it wants to be treated, and the individual responsibility of their actions, corruption cases would be minimized. References Cheney, G. (2010). Just a job?: Communication, ethics, and professional life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Highhouse, S., Brooks, M., Gregarus, G. (January 01, 2009). An Organizational Impression Management Perspective on the Formation of Corporate Reputations. Journal of Management, 35, 6, 1481-1493. Von, M. A. P. (January 01, 2008). Studying Methods, Not Ethics: Exploring the Methodological Character of Administrative Ethics Research. Public Integrity, 11, 1, 9-34.

Biography of Aristotle Onassis

Biography of Aristotle Onassis Aristotle Onassis was a Greek shipping magnate and a wealthy international celebrity. His fame increased enormously in October 1968 when he married Jacqueline Kennedy, the widow of the late U.S. President John F. Kennedy. The marriage sent shockwaves through American culture. Onassis and his new wife, dubbed Jackie O by the tabloid press, became familiar figures in the news. Fast Facts: Aristotle Onassis Nickname: The Golden GreekOccupation: Shipping magnateKnown For: His marriage to former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy and his ownership of the largest privately-owned shipping fleet in the world (which made him one of the richest men in the world).Born: January 15, 1906 in Smyrna (present day Izmir), TurkeyDied: March 15, 1975 in Paris, France.Parents: Socrates Onassis, Penelope DologouEducation: Evangelical School of Smyrna (high school); no college educationSpouse(s): Athina Livanos, Jacqueline KennedyChildren: Alexander Onassis, Christina Onassis Early Life Aristotle Onassis was born January 15, 1906 in Smyrna, a port in Turkey that had a substantial Greek population. His father, Socrates Onassis, was a prosperous tobacco merchant. Young Aristotle was not a good student, and in his early teens he left school and began working in his fathers office. In 1919, Greek forces invaded and occupied Smyrna. The Onassis family fortunes suffered greatly when Turkish forces invaded in 1922, taking back the town and persecuting Greek residents. Onassiss father was jailed, accused of conspiring with the Greeks who had occupied the region. Aristotle managed to help other family members to escape to Greece, smuggling the familys funds by taping money to his body. His father was released from prison and rejoined the family in Greece. Tensions in the family drove Aristotle away, and he sailed to Argentina. Early Career in Argentina With savings equivalent to $250, Onassis arrived in Buenos Aires and began working at a series of menial jobs. At one point, he landed a job as a telephone operator, and he spent his night shifts improving his English by listening in on calls to New York and London. According to legend, he also overheard information about business deals which enabled him to make timely investments. He began to appreciate that information obtained at the right time could have enormous value. After repairing his relationship with his father, Onassis partnered with him to import tobacco into Argentina. He was soon very successful, and by the early 1930s he was prominent in the Greek expatriate business community in Buenos Aires. The Golden Greek Becomes a Shipping Magnate Seeking to move beyond being an importer, Onassis began to learn about the shipping business. While on a visit to London during the Great Depression, he obtained potentially valuable information: rumors that Canadian freighters were being sold by a troubled shipping company. Onassis bought six of the ships for $20,000 each. His new company, Olympic Maritime, began moving goods across the Atlantic and prospered in the late 1930s. The outbreak of World War II threatened to destroy Onassis growing business. Some of his ships were seized in ports in Europe. Yet Onassis, after safely sailing from London to New York, managed to negotiate to get his fleet back under his control. For most of the war, Onassis leased ships to the U.S. government, which used them to transport vast quantities of war supplies around the globe. When the war ended, Onassis was set up for success. He purchased more ships cheaply as war surplus, and his shipping business grew quickly. At the end of 1946, Onassis married Athina Tina Livanos, with whom he had two children. Tina Livanos was the daughter of Stavors Livanos, another wealthy Greek shipping magnate. Onassis marriage into the Livanos family increased his influence in the business at a critical time. In the postwar era, Onassis assembled one of the largest merchant fleets in the world. He built massive oil tankers which roamed the oceans. He encountered legal problems with the U.S. government over the registration of his vessels, as well as over a controversy about his visa paperwork (which was rooted in conflicting information about his declared birthplace when he had first emigrated to Argentina). Onassis eventually settled his legal problems (at one point paying a $7 million settlement) and by the mid-1950s his business success had earned him the nickname The Golden Greek. Marriage to Jackie Kennedy Onassis marriage to Tina Livano came apart in the 1950s when Onassis began an affair with opera star Maria Callas. They divorced in 1960. Soon after, Onassis became friendly with Jacqueline Kennedy, whom he met through her socialite sister Lee Radziwill. In 1963, Onassis invited Mrs. Kennedy and her sister for a cruise in the Aegean Sea aboard his lavish yacht, the Christina. Onassis remained friends with Jacqueline Kennedy following the death of her husband, and began courting her at some point. Rumors swirled about their relationship, yet it was startling when, on October 18, 1968, the New York Times published the front-page headline, Mrs. John F. Kennedy to Wed Onassis. Aristotle Onassis and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in a limousine. Getty Images Mrs. Kennedy and her two children flew to Greece and she and Onassis were married on his private island, Skorpios, on Sunday, October 20, 1968. The marriage became something of a scandal in the American press because Mrs. Kennedy, a Roman Catholic, was marrying a divorced man. The controversy faded a bit within days when the Catholic archbishop of Boston defended the marriage on the front page of the New York Times. The Onassis marriage was an object of enormous fascination. Paparazzi trailed them wherever they traveled, and speculation about their marriage was standard fare in gossip columns. The Onassis marriage helped define an era of jet-setting celebrity lifestyle, complete with yachts, private islands, and travel between New York, Paris, and the isle of Skorpios. Later Years and Death In 1973, Onassis son Alexander died tragically in a plane crash. The loss devastated Onassis. He had anticipated his son taking over his business empire. After his sons death, he seemed to lose interest in his work, and his health began to fail. In 1974, he was diagnosed with a debilitating muscular disease. He died on March 15, 1975, after being hospitalized in Paris. When Onassis died in 1975, at the age of 69, the press estimated his wealth at $500 million. He was one of the richest men in the world. Legacy Onassis rise to the pinnacle of fame and wealth was unlikely. He was born to a merchant family that lost everything in the aftermath of World War I. After relocating from Greece to Argentina as a virtual refugee, Onassis managed to enter the tobacco importing business and by the age of 25 had become a millionaire. Onassis eventually branched out into owning ships, and his business sense led him to revolutionize the shipping business. As his wealth increased, he also became known for dating beautiful women, ranging from Hollywood actresses in the 1940s to the famed opera soprano Maria Callas in the late 1950s. Today, he is perhaps most well-known for his marriage to Jackie Kennedy. Sources Onassis, Aristotle. Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by Andrea Henderson, 2nd ed., vol. 24, Gale, 2005, pp. 286-288. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Passty, Benjamin. Onassis, Aristotle 1906–1975. History of World Trade Since 1450, edited by John J. McCusker, vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, p. 543. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Risk Management - Critical Analysis Research Paper

Risk Management - Critical Analysis - Research Paper Example In addition, I also focused my analysis on how the history of the scenario contributed to the current state of affairs. I made a conclusion that top managers must be change-oriented to serve the interest of the company, external and internal customers. I also recommended that firm must ensure that change-resisting managers are dismissed to realize the company objective. In this paper, I will showcase how I managed to restore normality based on the risk of employee mass dismissal that led to strike within my workplace. The employee had been complaining about poor working conditions, as well as poor wage packages in our company for a long period of time, but the top management did not take any actions. The situation became worse with time as the manager was rigid and resisted change at all levels. The commandeering style of leadership that he portrayed at the workplace never augured well with the employee who decided to join hand to benefit from a collective bargaining but all their grievances fell on deaf ears. Several peaceful boycotts followed putting the company operations at a risk. Production declined to a greater degree, and the sales volume reduced to a worsening condition with lower employee productivity due to dissatisfaction. The top management ignored the pieces of advice that arose from the emergency and risk department to which I led an d thus it became very difficult to counteract the scenario proactively before it gets out of hands. I tried on several occasions to talk to the executives about the impending risk attached to the employees’ job dissatisfaction ranging from the threats of shuttering the brand image, low sales and even the collapse of the company. However, the executive would never buy any of my ideas as they have more positional power and authority of my position. The results were the company worsened reputation, low sales, massive loyal customers withdrawal with the greater possibility of the company collapse. I will,