How to Write Archeology Essay Guide Tips - Bestessay4u

Prehistoric studies is the investigation of the human past through dissecting material stays, for example, ancient rarities to develop and comprehend human practices and culture. It includes unearthing of ancient times and history archeological destinations in quest for the fossils staying, for example, apparatuses, compositions, and so forth to comprehend the human progress. Figuring out how to compose this sort of paper is critical on the off chance that you are seeking after an archaic exploration study or a related course. So when dealing with such a paper, you should lead significant examination to give proof and evidence your contention. In this content, you will discover all the subtleties and insider facts to composing a brilliant archaic exploration paper. What Is Archeology Essay? Basic Definition Most importantly, we have to comprehend what a paleontology paper is. This is a type of scholarly composing introducing a recorded or logical contention about the human endeavors, culture, and development through breaking down fossil curios. The paper should introduce believable archeological discoveries, information, and data about fossil, for example, instruments, earthenware among other material survives from human life. Specialists Know How to Write a Good Archeology Essay On the off chance that you need to compose a magnificent archeological paper, you should have solid wellsprings of data to persuade and show your comprehension of the subject. In this manner, composing such an exposition calls for concentrated examination to get the important information. So before composing, you ought to settle on the point. The fact of the matter is that archaic exploration is a huge report that involves a variety of different investigations. Therefore, you ought to distinguish the correct subject for your exposition. For example, you may decide to utilize a logical methodology for your paper where you should incorporate a ton of logical discoveries, systems, and information to help your contention. Also, you may utilize a recorded or geological theme that expects you to show important data of time and spot of a specific antiquated human progress presence and undertaking. Tips on How to Start an Archeology Essay Before you start the creative cycle, you ought to guarantee that you have perused and comprehended the directions of the task. Another significant viewpoint to mind is the cutoff time. Remembering and controlling these two focuses will assist you with arranging and deal with your time effectively to stay away from late accommodation and pointless punishments. When you know about the time period given, you can build up an arrangement on the best way to explore on the given point. A powerful method of investigating is by visiting archeological locales to get firsthand data and proof. Be that as it may, this can be a difficult undertaking on the off chance that you have constrained opportunity to compose your exposition and it is normal for some understudies since the vast majority of the composing isn't done on the field yet rather in the study hall or during available time. In this way, on the off chance that you have sufficient opportunity, you can visit exhibition halls or history displays to peruse and investigate archeological ancient rarities and to have a superior comprehension of the subject. Visiting such places won't just allow you to get the firsthand data yet will likewise help you plainly comprehend what you have realized in the study hall just as from different sources, for example, verifiable diaries, books, and sites. Accordingly, it will give you an away from and thoughts of what to introduce in your exposition. Simultaneously, when leading examination, it is basic to take notes to abstain from missing essential focuses while introducing your thoughts. Indeed you can allude to them when composing your paper as your psyche can't store all that you read or see. The most effective method to Structure an Archeology Essay Properly When you distinguish the subject of your exposition, you ought to characterize its motivation. A legitimate method to guarantee that you will meet the expressed goal is by drafting a layout to follow. A system will control you through and help you not to lose the concentration or objectiveness of your exposition. By and large, the antiquarianism article structure ought to have a principal standpoint containing three essential parts, which are: A presentation A body An end The most effective method to Develop Your Archeology Essay Introduction The start of your paper ought to be as pleasant and charming as could be expected under the circumstances. To begin with, you should make this part speaking to the peruser, and the most ideal method of doing this is to begin with an appealing and convincing explanation. The data ought to likewise contain the data on what's in store in the whole article, and the most suitable path is to incorporate brief foundation data about the theme you have decided for your paper. It additionally in this piece of the paper where you should introduce the principle speculation, or proposition proclamation, of the work. What to Include in an Archeology Essay Body The data you have assembled when investigating ought to be utilized to help your theory. It is the body some portion of your exposition that ought to contain a great deal of significant realities and information you have gotten while directing examination. Additionally, for validity purposes, you should refer to the data sources properly. The utilization of representations, models, and tables among other steady realities will likewise assist with demonstrating your comprehension and information on the point. This is required to convince the peruser in your thoughts. Simultaneously, when supporting the speculation, utilize a section structure instead of simply featuring the focuses, what you may do in the draft. Step by step instructions to Write a Great Archeology Essay Conclusion When you have depleted all the basic focuses that you needed to introduce in your paper, you can compose the end by summing up all the primary concerns of the whole content. Nonetheless, don't repeat everything about you have remembered for the paper. Rather, your decision should just summarize the fundamental thought in a couple of sentences featuring the goal of the content just as the contentions to help the postulation. Like some other scholastic compositions, prehistoric studies papers ought to be composed utilizing legitimate syntax and submitted inside the gave time span. In any case, because of the idea of the prehistoric studies examines that require concentrated exploration to discover significant data, most understudies face troubles and difficulties recorded as a hard copy magnificent papers. So because of disappointments and absence of appropriate direction, numerous understudies wind up getting low evaluations for their assignments. To maintain a strategic distance from such an experience, you can contact a dependable expert author to help with your archaic exploration exposition or some other assignment. In this regard, we are a dependable composing administration that manages a wide range of scholastic undertakings. In the event that you don’t have the opportunity to do a task, or you stayed with exploring any antiquarianism theme, get in touch with us, and we will help you. Submit an article request today, and appreciate the outcomes!

Productivity Rate Of Roof Works For Project Scheduling Construction Essay

Efficiency Rate Of Roof Works For Project Scheduling Construction Essay Dynamic: In Malaysia, there is no examination done explicitly on gathering development efficiency information to fill in as a rule and principles for use by all players in the development business. Like JKR, as the biggest implementers of government extends, the present practice on endorsement the timetable of works that put together by contractual workers are generally founded on the specialists premonition/sentiment and past experience. There is no standard strategy and rules to audit and checking the span and assets portion in every movement in temporary workers work program. As an exertion, this examination will begin with concentrating on the recognizable proof of elements that affecting material works efficiency in development venture. Those components can be acquired through a progression of factual examination dependent on the information gathered from poll and meeting with the specialists. Information from past activities likewise significant so as to get the real efficiency rate for rooftop works. At long last, the normal finding for this investigation will be: a) List of variables that impact the efficiency rate for rooftop works, b) The basic elements influencing most to profitability rate for material works, c) A measurements of profitability rate for rooftop functions as a norm and rule for improving JKR ventures planning. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Overseeing development extends consistently requires steady checking of venture execution and the refreshing on venture plan. Undertaking execution information and profitability information from the development field is a key job in assessing and anticipating venture execution in term of cost and calendar. As indicated by Motwani et al. (1995), the profitability in development has consistently been extremely hard to quantify and control. Despite the fact that, profitability in development difficult to quantify, there is a need to utilize it for convenient choices and diminish the negative effects on cost and timetable. Along these lines, the mix of chronicled profitability information with the on-going execution information in development field are required (Hwang and Liu, 2005). Hwang and Liu, (2009) introduced that a precise profitability expectation is significant for overseeing development ventures. Truth be told, a development venture is regularly to be effective when it is conveying inside its financial plan and course of events. The arranging and control process additionally clarifies the significance of exact efficiency gauge which first, assessing time and cost of development exercises that unavoidably requires profitability gauges (Hinze, 1998), and second, incorporated administration of time and cost must included profitability factor (Dawood and Molson, 1997). There are most past examinations concentrating on characterizing factors impact efficiency and estimating constrained pieces of exercises at miniaturized scale level to research the connection among components and profitability. A standard development efficiency decimal measuring standard that progressively solid is a basic component in development profitability execution assessment and improvement process. There need an instrument to drive execution improvement through interior and outer benchmarking. Park, et al., (2005) present that these days, request from the development business on creating adequate development efficiency measurements and normalized profitability information are the primary issues to center by the business players and explores. Issue Statement As the fundamental specialized organizations for the Government of Malaysia, Public Work Department (PWD) or Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) depended to actualize advancement extends all through the nation. It is the objective of JKR to guarantee that the association is run productively and adequately so as to accomplish the vision, strategic targets of the office. JKR is dependable to guarantee that all the activities must be actualized well, total on schedule, inside the spending plan and give quality items. In ninth Malaysian Plan (RMK 9), the greater part of JKR ventures can't be convey on schedule. For instance, about 41% of tasks in JKR Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur can't be conveying on time which is its majority are expected to wrongly gauge the term of the development exercises in venture planning. It is additionally with respect to absence of competency of JKR officials in investigating and offering guidance to temporary workers particularly in planning practical tasks work pro gram. This issue can be arranged as genuine issue and give high effect on the general execution of JKR because of unsatisfaction of customer with JKRs notoriety. As the greatest specialized government office, there ought to be an approach to tackle the issue with the goal that it will improve JKR picture and give high notoriety to the customers. 1 Master Student, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2 Supervisor, Professor Dr, Lecturer of Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. There ought to be a standard profitability pace of every movement in the venture so as to control the contractual worker and the JKR oversight group to plan and execute the tasks effectively. Thusly, the examination on profitability pace of rooftop works for building venture planning as an exertion and beginning stage to build up the standard efficiency pace of undertaking exercises for JKRs ventures. Truth be told, this examination is steady with JKR techniques and activity plan in accomplishing Effective Implementation of Malaysia 5 Years Plan particularly to guarantee that tasks are executed through proper usage systems to address client issues and results. One of the activity plans expressed in JKR Strategic Framework is to set up compelling task execution following framework which is JKR must investigating all information that identified with the venture so as to improve JKR venture usage (JKR, 2007). The Objectives The point of this examination is to set up the efficiency pace of rooftop works for JKR building ventures booking. So as to accomplish this, coming up next are the destinations of the examination: To recognize the components that impact the efficiency of rooftop works To build up the connection between impact components and efficiency of rooftop works To build up a measurements of efficiency rate for rooftop works Extent of Study There are sure constraints to be follow to guarantee that this investigation is finished inside the time period given. Right off the bat, this investigation just mulls over on all activities which execute in focal area of Peninsular Malaysia for example extends in JKR Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and JKR Selangor. Second, the example for this investigation is pack just in school ventures which are the a large portion of JKR ventures usage in ninth Malaysian Plan. Since standard plan was utilizing in school extends, the zone of rooftop is fixed. This given the normalization to evaluate the efficiency rate for material works alluding to the floor zone included. Rooftop supports in development undertakings can be ordered in timber rooftop brackets, hot moved rooftop brackets, cold structure rooftop brackets and so on. The third constraint of this examination is just contemplating of the virus structure rooftop supports on the grounds that a large portion of the school ventures are utilizing this sort of brackets. Furthermore, JKR as of now has a rundown of 22 names of cold structure rooftop brackets providers which their plan have been audited and endorsed by the JKR Structure Expert Division. This rundown is for the JKR officials in state and region office to decide for their tasks particularly school ventures. Forward, some portion of rooftop covering for this examination just think about one(1) types which is solid rooftop tiles including protections. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW As of late, development efficiency is on a drawn out slide and it is perceived as industry challenge. Framework, individuals, materials, data and vitality must stream viably and proficiently to deliver its target at high efficiency to finish development at most reduced conceivable expense with conceivable briefest time span (Picard, 2005). Profitability is basically significant in development industry. Numerous analysts have communicated their anxiety over efficiency in development industry. Characterizing efficiency is certainly not a straightforward undertaking to everyone. Various individuals will give diverse definition and comprehension. The vast majority of them concurred that attractive yield was basically the principle measure utilized. Expanded efficiency was a main worry to all Committee partners, for example, clients, temporary workers, and development trade guilds and drove by the proprietor. The development clients underscored the need of gathering information legitimately pertinent to efficiency improvement. The Committee was reasoned that the bleeding edge development foreman/director would be a solid wellspring of data. These witnesses would be solicited to give their judgment from the best obstructions to a gainful development venture (Tucker, 2003). Meaning of profitability Inside these quite a few years, numerous specialists have characterized the efficiency term in their examinations in various ways. The term efficiency has various implications to various individuals. Numerous people consequently consider possibly worker's guilds when the term efficiency is referenced. Others partner capital consumptions with the term. Every one of these understandings is just somewhat right (Adrian, 1993). Numerous specialists have endeavored to characterize decisively the significance of profitability and underneath are some of it that alluded from their investigations: Oglesby et al. (1989), introduced that profitability can be characterized as set up esteem isolated by inputs. A few scientists have characterized it as works-hours partitioned by the proportionate amount of work. In development, efficiency typically can be comprehended as work amount partitioned by worker hours (or work-hours) expended to achieve the work. Efficiency = Work Quantity Man-hours As per Dolman, Parham, Zheng, (2007), efficiency is a measure so as to realize how much yield is created per unit of info. Diewert Lawrence, (200

Professional Development in Business German Supermarket

Question: Depict about the Professional Development in Business for German Supermarket. Answer: Rundown of the paper article In the article, it is referenced that the German general store retail chain Aldi is reducing its piece of the overall industry in the Australian market. In the locale of Victoria, NSW and Queensland, the piece of the pie of Aldi is lessening radically from 12% to 11.7% in the long stretch of June. Be that as it may, the deals of the organization are expanding in numerous pieces of the nation (Boyd, 2016). Be that as it may, the deals of Aldi is still lower than some other general stores of Australia, for example, Metcash, Coles and Woolworths. This circumstance has helped the German retail chain to build their piece of the overall industry in the various pieces of the Australian subcontinent. It is seen that the retail bind has wanted to open its retail locations in different pieces of Australia. Right now, Aldi has 400 stores across Australia. Its development plan is wanting to open absolute 500 stores along east bank of Australia. Aldi then again, rival the Australian market retail goliaths by expanding its number of private name brands and selling them at lower costs. This has prompted start of value war among the Australian markets. The organization has put a great deal so as to create items that are of standard quality. Losing of piece of the pie is actually a matter of frustration for Aldi Australia. It is the explanation of venture done by the organization for creating results of private mark just as value entrance system (Aldi.com.au, 2016). Both these estimating procedure alongside opening of new stores in the Australian market will help the organization in gaining the piece of the pie. References Aldi.com.au. 2016.Discount general store offering more brilliant shopping - ALDI Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aldi.com.au/[Accessed 6 Oct. 2016]. Boyd, E. 2016.Aldi hits first hindrance. [online] Dailytelegraph.com.au. Accessible at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/business/organizations/aldis-development eases back on-the-eastern-seaboard/report/9a87e7bb0bd571d219860dfd68e8f94b [Accessed 6 Oct. 2016].

Islamic Banking And Impact Of Two Tier Mudarabah Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The Term Bank is an Italian driven banca which is derived from German means bench or counter, as Florentine bankers used to use the Benches as their desks with green desk cloths on it for making their activities of transactions. Bank can be defined as a financial institution or organizations permitted by financial authority within a government body or government itself to undertake deposits, pay interests, lend money to the borrowers. The term Bank is also defined as An organization, usually a corporation, chartered by a state or federal government, which does most or all of the following: receives demand deposits and time deposits, honours instruments drawn on them, and pays interest on them; discounts notes, makes loans, and invests insecurities; collects checks, drafts, and notes; certifies depositors checks; and issues drafts and cashiers checks. Presently the word bank is referred to a financial institution which bears a Banking License which could be granted by authorities who supervise the financial institution and allow rights to perform the banking service. Bank is an institution transecting the business of accepting, for the purpose of lending or investment, of deposits of money from the public repayable on demand or otherwise, and withdraw able by cheques, draft order or otherwise and includes any post office saving bank Negotiable Instruments Act (1881) Banks offer different services depend on their country they are based in and its type. But usually banks accepts deposits from the common public, lends money to individuals or companies, issues cheques, converts cheques into cash, and managing valuables of its customers. Banks also borrows money by allowing deposits on current accounts and issues the same as banknotes or bonds. Banking involves lending money to its customers on current accounts which is allowed t o be returned in instalments for which banks charge interests. ISLAMIC BANKING Evolution of Islamic Banking Islamic banking is a system of financial activities where transactions are perform as per the Islamic Law which is also called as Sharia Law which prohibits accepting or paying interests (Riba) for loans on money lend and also forbids investments into the businesses which perform the activities of providing goods and services which is considered to be against principles of Sharia. During the period of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), the limited banking activity started with the followers used to deposit their money with the prophet or with the first Khalif of Islam Abu Bakr Siddique. In Islamic Golden Age where free markets were exists in the business activities and where the term mercantilism and market economy was introduced which is used to be referred as Islamic Capitalism. In this era of caliphate and Islamic capitalism a various forms of techniques and financial concepts were used in Islamic Banking like the mufawada (partnership) , mudaraba (limited partnerships), bills of excha nge and the concept of capital ( al-mal) and other concepts like waqfs ( trusts) , loaning, transactions recording (ledgers) etc. Later in the year 1972 the first contemporary Islamic bank was introduced named as Nassers Social Bank and in this year the essential tool the Islamic bank Islamic accounting have came into existence at the University of Cairo. progressively this trend was not limited to the arab world and was spread through out the world. Most of the Islamic countries formed banks which operate on the basis of Sharia Law. The system of Islamic Banking is not only limited to concepts and terms rather it has transformed the system and model into a full fledged system and business. Due to the current financial problems of the world economies and their answer through the old economic systems like capitalism, socialist and mixed economics which is proved to be difficult or impossible leading to many economical ills , poverty and imbalances in social and economical justice s, unemployment and many other problems , the world has diverted their attention to solve this issue a renewed interest has been shown in the way the Islamic financial system works, as Islamic economic system obligates the service to man, joined hands co-operation among people , faith in god , and equality in society, and these fundamentals and principles have been laid down by the quran and the Prophet Muhammed (PBUH). Islamic Banking system must adhere to the Islamic principles related to business and financial activities in which it is prohibited to invest or involve in any activity which includes alcohol, gambling etc. and also profit and loss sharing is not equal. Modern Islamic banking In the late 40s the restructuring of banking system based on profit sharing and not the interest exists with Anwar Qureshi (1946), Nayeem Siddiqi (1948) and Mahmud Ahmed (1952). These personalities stressed to have all reformation in commercial banking with the theory of Mudarabha the Profit and Loss distribution model. Last few decades has witnessed in wider implementation of interest- free banking. And Shariah based assets touched around $400 billion through out the globe (2009), Saudi Arabia, Iran and Malaysia have the biggest sharia based assets, with Iranian banks accumulated for around 40% of the overall assets of the top Islamic banks around the world. The assets of Bank Melli Iran have reached $45.5 billion and Saudi Arabia based bank Al Rajhi Bank and Bank Mellat reached with $39.7 Billion. Islamic banking involves in the same activities as commercial banking but as per the shariah law called as Fiqh al-Maumalat (Transaction Rules), the core rule of Islamic banking is that of profit and loss distribution The fundamental code of Islamic banking is the distribution of profit and loss and the prevention of  riba  (usury). Common terms used in Islamic banking include  profit sharing  (Mudharabah), safekeeping (Wadiah),  joint venture  (Musharakah), cost plus (Murabahah), and  leasing  (Ijar). Transactions related to mortgage in Islamic system is done by not allowing the buyer to take the money to buy the item instead the bank buys the item direct from the seller and sell it back to the buyer at a profit and giving provision to the buyer to clear the money to the bank in instalments. This system does not allow explicit profit to the bank , and hence there is no additional fines or penalties for paying late to the bank. The ownership of the item or property is directly registered in the name of the buyer during the initial step of the transaction itself. This process of transaction is cal led Murabaha. The loaning for vehicles are done in such a way that the vehicle is sold at a higher price then the existing market price to the debtor and the ownership retains with the bank until the loan is paid. Some banks also apply Musharaka al-Mutanaqisa an approached which allows a balanced price in the shape of letting. In this approach the bank and the borrower forms a partnership in which they provide the capital on a predefined percentage to buy the land or property. The property is then rented out to the borrower and charges rent. An inventive approach functional by a few banks for home loans, called  Musharaka al-Mutanaqisa, agree to, for a balanced rate in the form of letting. The bank and borrower form a joint venture entity, both providing funds at a settled ratio to buy the assets. The partnership unit then lease out the property to the borrower and charge lease. The partnership between two parties, both of them provide capital towards the financing of a project. Both parties share profits on a pre-agreed ratio, but losses are shared on the basis of equity participation. Management of the project is carried out either by either parties or any one of them. Mudarabah Mudarabah is a particular type of partnership where one partner gives funds to Another for spend it in a business project. The funds comes from the first partner who is called rabb-ul-mal, whereas the administration and labor is an elite accountability of the other, who is called mudarib. Under this approach the venture capital funding for a business which gives the labor and the financing is done by the bank and the profit and loss are shared equally. This participation of both the parties by arranging the capital and labor reflects the Islamic approach of not allowing only one party to share the profit and other bearing the loss in case of failure and ensuring the balanced distribution of profits. Under this partner ship one party provides money to other to invest in a commercial enterprise. The first party who invest the money is called as rabb-ul-mal, and the administration and labor is the only accountability of the other partner known as mudarib. It is nothing but a profit sharing contract in which 100 % of the investment is done by one party and the other party provides with knowledge and manage the project. Profits are shared as per the pre defined ratios. Business of Mudarabah: The one system of Mudarabah is that the rab-ul-mal may direct the mudarib to use his investment for a particular business specified by the rub-ul-mal and this is called al-mudarabah al-muqayyadah. In case the Rab-ul-mal leaves upon the Mudarib to utilize his capital for any business as per the mudarib then it is called al Al-Mudarabah al- Mutlaqah. Contract can be done by the rabul-mal in mudarabah with one mudarib or more by one transaction. For example the rubul-mal can give money to A and B , where both the A and B can act as mudarib for him and the capital invested will be used by both A and B and the share will be distributed among A and B as per the pre agreed ratio. In this type of activity both the mudaribs act and work as partners in the venture which is considered to be normal business trade, and if they want to go beyond the business activity they should get the permission from the rabul-mal. Profit Loss Sharing: The profit sharing agreement should be done at the beginning of the contract and should be explicitly defined for a valid mudarabah. It is left on the mutual concent of the parties involved by the shariah. There should not be any particular amount of money be set for any of the partner and should be equally shared among the mudaribs. For instance if there is a capital of  £ 100000/- it is forbidden to set a condition of sharing a specific amount of profit among mudarib or to be given to rabul-mal rather it can be decided that 40% of the actual profit shall be shared by mudarib and rest of 60% with by rabul-mal or vice-verca. However it is considered to be void in mudarabah to set an proportion of profit at the beginning of the venture, if the rabul-mal directs the mudarib to utilize the capital in a trade which is specified by the rabul-mal. As per the pre defined share of the profit the mudarib is not entitled for any salary or fee or remuneration for the work and time he spe nds in the venture. However Imam Ahmad allowed the mudarib to get the expenses related to his food from the mudarabah account, but the Hanafi sect has restricted this for the mudarib to get the expenses only if he is out of his town on business trip If the business goes into loss in certain transactions and gain profit in some then the profit acquired shall be used to offset the loss incurred at first then the remaining of the profit shall be shared among the parties as per the agreed ratio. Termination of Mudarabah: The termination of contract in mudarabah can be done at any time by any of the two parties; the only condition is to serve with a notice prior to the termination to the party. And if at the time of termination all the assets of mudarabah is in cash and some profit exists then it should be shared among the parties as per the agreed proportion. And in case the assets are not in cash then the mudarib shall be entitled to sell or liquidate the assets in order to ascertain the actual profit to be distributed. There are different views among the Muslim scholars about the contract of mudarabh termination after a period specified. Hanafi and Hanbali shares with view of mudarbah can be restricted to a specific time period of one year or half year which could be terminated after completion of this period without notice. On other had shafai and Maliki have the different opinion and they say that mudarabah should not be restricted for a specific period. However there is no proper answer to this with the Islamic fiqh, but the general principles are used where in there is no time period is fixed and each party is free to terminate the contract after giving notice. With no proper time period set for termination of mudarabah there creates a problems in the present markets as most business activities rely on time period for fruitful results with implying proper efforts and hardworking. If the rabul-mal terminates the contract in mudarabah at the beginning of the contract there could be any profit or earning for the mudarib. And if there is some agreement between at the starting of mudarabah that no party shall stepbacks during the contract period and which does not violate the principles of Shariah and adheres to the famous hadith as All the conditions agreed upon by the muslims are upheld, except a condition which allows what is prohibited or prohibits what is lawful (sunan Abu Dawood, 1981), then it could bring some fruitful results. Two-Tier Mudaraba The concept of two-tier Mudarabah was initially used by Islamic Banking. The model is structured for the Islamic banks to engage in two mudaraba activities, the first one with the depositors and the other one is with the person who gives finances. The first Mudaraba is between the bank and the client with surplus capital (depositors) and the second one is between the bank and the clients who require financing. In the first tier Mubaraba contract among the depositors and the Bank , the deposits acts as rabul-mal and the Islamic Bank as the Mudarib. The depositors who act as rabul -mal invest their money into the bank without guarantee of their principal and a return on the profit of their money used by banks on their behalf. And as per mudaraba and pre agreed proportion the losses and profits have to be shared with the Islamic Bank. In tier two Mudarabah between the Islamic banks which provides the finance and act as the Rabul-mal and the receiver of finance from the bank a cts as the Mudarib. In this tier the losses incurred by any misuse by the mudarib has to be shared by the Bank and if any profits generated then both shall share as per the pre agreed ratio. Islamic economists developed this concept as trustworthy substitute to saving accounts. The model of two-tier Mudaraba serves as the bank as the middlemen for the depositors and the customers who need finance and who is able to get a sufficient outcome preventing the depositors money from risk. As the Islamic banks posses the liability for any losses incurred which is ultimately suffered by the depositors, and this reason made the use of this type of mudabarah in limited in practice. The other drawback with the two tier Mudaraba is that it is not only the depositors principal is at risk but also suffer many swings in the profit they get from their deposits. 10.0 Consequences in Two-tier Mudarabah Model In spite of the sound profit potential of mudarabah financing theory, and skill to confront the interest based structure, the method might not construct a infiltrate modify in contemporary Islamic finance. It did blossom as a deposit collect system by means of the Islamic financial institutions. For illustration, mudarabah companies multiplied quick, particularly in Pakistan. However these companies might not discover business investment opportunities adequate to take up mass of the deposits they expected. They were bound, in logic, to make funds in approximate buying and selling of shares at the stock markets. One of the main realistic troubles with mudarabah is the irregular nature of the risks implicated. For the bank depositor the key risks were of bank failure and the uncertainty (gharar) concerning the stage of revenue to be shared. With efficient bank rule the danger of bank letdown was negligible on the other hand, and uncertainty still applies to up-and-down interest retur ns, so this was improbable to frighten depositors, certainly it was the small danger they take that acceptable their repayment. The extra severe difficulty by means of mudarabah arises by bank finance of industry, when there be no security that the bank might get their finances repaid. In addition the danger of getting no earnings was substantial, particularly by means of the kind of small business so as to differentiate a lot of Muslim financial system. There are furthermore ethical risk problems, as business possibly will potentially cover the earnings they prepared to reduce the profits shared, particularly wherever full audits are not obligatory. This is the most important hinder grounds Islamic banking and finance to go after the path of slightest confrontation moreover to obtain protection in the irresponsible exercise of Islamic delayed compulsion deal. The form with the intention of might have face the conventional banking if carefully set up let to be unsuccessful. Prese ntly, Islamic banks have practically no position for mudarabah agreement in their Islamic goods or set of choices. In Malaysia by the end of 2003, mudarabah accounts for 0 percent of total banking goods. Soaring non-payment in mudarabah agreement comprise for all time exists the difficulty meant for Islamic banks. However, in my view bank must take up a accurate procedure to assess the mudarib as well as business enterprise that it mean to spend. The normal technique of range of mudarib or industry must be capable to recognize the largely credit worthy clientele and feasible businesses. 11. Conclusion The apparatus and organization of profit distribution under financial assistance, identified as mudarabah be essential toward source enlistment within the Islamic trade and industry order. Mudarabah is the mainly adequate structure of apparatus which is support on shirkah or profit distribution. Interest occured on the investment, is in infringement of shariah do not symbolize price of production. Designed for that because Islam highly promotes profit distribution which mudarabah plays a very important role of direct the excess funds to arrears part in contemporary Islamic banking and finance. The two-tier mudarabah forms characterize an supreme form of economic intermediation with the aim of replacing the interest based structure. Interest based system being unfair, do not presume any hazard of provided the investment despite the consequences of the result of project. The interest behavior mechanism consequently directs the financial system in to an incompetent condition go up against to profit sharing that is engage in price conception. Justice is greatest guarantee by profit distribution agreement as plunder are a purpose of realize output that direct to every one of the concerned parties. In to facilitate, Islamic bank as a deposits accept establishment be different from a conventional at this point of time, where to facilitate entrepreneurs to split the hazard. Regardless of the information it is regarded as a powerful characteristic of Islamic finance, form have been strike by main obstacle that might observe Islamic banks additional abandon to perform. Islamic banking practice in mudarabah have not been good. On the other hand, the reimbursement of practicing two-tier mudarabah form outweighs its shortcoming. Islamic banks must not fail to notice this issue and keep away from irresponsible practice of delayed agreement. Shirkah agreement has constantly been experienced by Muslims; consequently present Islamic banks a appropriate form to engage in fi nancial conciliator function.

CJUS 420 Discussion Board and topic research Instructions...

Discussion Board Instructions There will be 7 Discussion Board Forums throughout this course. You are required to provide a thread in response to the provided topic for each forum. Each thread is to be 150–200 words, cite at least 2 sources, and demonstrate course-related knowledge. In addition to the thread, you are required to reply to 2 other classmates’ threads. Each reply must be 125–150 words and must cite at least 2 sources. Acceptable sources include the textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, government sources, professional association websites, etc. Each discussion will also require a biblical reference/quote (which is not a part of the original source count). Responding to a classmate’s post requires both the addition of†¦show more content†¦The influx of huge amounts of information, evolving technology had challenged criminal investigation systems and for that matter, the investigators. Any violations in Law lead to involvement of criminal investigation. The court bears all the expenses of the procedures in investigating the case, except the defence lawyer hired by the accused. In situations where the accused cannot afford, the state is liable to pay for his lawyer. It is a must that all the witnesses of the prosecution and the defence appear to the trial. In a criminal investigation, there is the need to break down two things. Firstly, the investigation itself and secondly the investigator involved. It is of utmost importance that the criminal investigation is done accurately, failure to do so will have negative consequences on the society. Investigation involves the collection of facts, scenarios and situations which are directly or indirectly related with the case. Whereas investigator is the person who should observe, question, analyze and scrutinize the available details. Careful evaluation then helps to achieve the much needed evidence. Criminal investigation is one of the most essential functions of the Law Enforcement agencies, as it is their prime responsibility to maintain a secure environment and

Microeconomics Concepts in a UK-Based Organization A Case...

Microeconomics Concepts in a UK based Organization INTRODUCTION Every organization has to analyze its business environment before making policies and strategies for its day to day operations, marketing and promotional efforts, and competing with the industry rivals (Loudon, Stevens, Wrenn 2004). The key factors of the business environment that affect the business operations of a company include political, economic, technological, environmental, cultural, and demographical factors. In addition to these factors, an analysis of the competitive forces is also essential in order to assess the potential threats and intensity of rivalry present in the industry (Ritchie Crouch 2003). If an organization does not give importance to the analysis of its business environment, it may not be able to compete in the industry for a long period of time (Hill Jones 2007). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impacts of different environmental factors on the business operations of a company. The discussion has been made in the light of internat ional accepted microeconomics concepts and practices. BARCLAYS Barclays is a UK based organization engaged in the business of banking and financial services. Headquartered in London, Barclays is currently serving over 48 million customers in more than 50 countries of the world. It has been rendering customized and tailor-made banking products and financial services for more than three Centuries (Barclays 2012). Barclays is rankedShow MoreRelatedConcepts of Microeconomics in a UK-Based Organization: Barclays Case Analysis2578 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Impact of Credit Crunch on UK Northern Rock: The credit crunch can be basically described as the increasing costs of borrowing money due to prevailing situations and rising interest rates. The increase in the interest rates resulted in the inability of many people to afford the repayments on mortgages that led them to default. The rising interest rates had huge effects on the subprime market in the United States in which money was lent to probable risky debtors. Credit crunch was not only exacerbatedRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management20711 Words   |  83 PagesThe impact of customer relationship management on the financial performance of an organization 1 Chapter 1-Introduction The impact of customer relationship management on the financial performance of an organization 2 1.1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the dissertation in brief. Background of the study and rationale of the study are discussed in the first half. Then this chapter goes on to explain six research objectives and two research questions. Finally structure of Read MoreThe Effects of Ownership Structure, Board Effectiveness and Managerial Discretion on Performance of Listed Companies in Kenya27922 Words   |  112 Pages COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be used or reproduced in any form by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system without prior written permission of the author or the University of Nairobi, except in the case of brief quotations or references universally acceptable for purposes of reviews, articles or research papers. Making copies of this thesis for any purpose other than personal use is a violation of the Kenyan and International copyright laws. For furtherRead MoreMoney Laundering13123 Words   |  53 PagesMONEY LAUNDERING IN THE BANKING SECTOR TABLE OF CONTENS 1. | MONEY LAUNDERING – the concept An organized crime Why it is done | 2. | Stages and Process Of Money Laundering | 3. | Vulnerability of the Financial System to Money Laundering | 4. | Banking Sector: Medium, Regulator And Cause | 5. | Private Banking And Money Laundering: | 6Read MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 PagesVA 22903 ï‚ · (434) 249-7645 ï‚ · AgrawalA11@darden.virginia.edu EDUCATION Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Candidate for Master of Business Administration, May 2011 ï‚ · Awarded Batten Innovation Scholarship (merit-based full tuition scholarship); ï‚ · GMAT: 730; AWA: 5.5 ï‚ · Member of Finance Club, Energy Club and Darden Capital Management Club Charlottesville, VA Nanyang Technological University Singapore Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering) and Minor in

Methodological Issues in Psychotherapy System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Methodological Issues in Psychotherapy System. Answer: Introduction: Both psychotherapy and counseling are professional therapeutic activities, which utilizes the interpersonal relationship between a therapist and the client to help the client to develop self-understanding, which leads them to make changes in their lives. The most seen issues, which a psychotherapist or a counselor faces in his or her practice, are the dilemma over many issues. One of the important dilemma the psychotherapists faces is the dilemma over showing responsiveness and recursiveness to the clients. Another major issue the psychotherapists face while treating the youth is the application of many methodologies as most of the youth tries to resent the therapy. To study the effectiveness of the methodologies the psychotherapists follow, the researchers always depends on the process studies and outcome studies (Anker, Duncan, Sparks, 2009). Process research can be stated as the interactive study between patients and the therapists. Outcome research depends on the outcome of any health structure, which is needed for the well-being of the population. The purpose of the article is to explore these mentioned dilemmas the psychotherapists faces in practice (Markowitz, Lipsitz, Milrod, 2014). The article would also explore some evidence based outcome studies on these mentioned methodological issues. The article will explore the outcome result of the relevant studies which states about the methodological dilemmas the psychotherapists faces in their life. The psychotherapic treatment is considered as hazardous as the psychiatrists always face the burden of keeping substantial relationship with the clients. The relationship between the psychiatrist and the clients has a thin border. There are many complex ethical questions the that the therapists encounter during their practice. Many of these dilemmas are contextual, complex and dynamic. Some of the ethical dilemmas, which are most frequently cited, are related to the professionalism and therapeutic boundaries (Stiles, 2009). To resolve these ethical dilemmas, the psychiatrists and the counselors uses the medical ethics as the medical ethics addresses many ethical dilemmas, which is better, expressed in a method. There are another important dilemma which can be seen in the psychiatrists is their obligation towards the clients Overview of outcome research: The article would help the readers to identify the importance of solving the methodological dilemma faced by the therapists. The article would also address the current problem of the youth psychotherapy. The experiment logic and the usage of Randomized control trial over the psychotherapy research are beyond confounding due to the presence of many non-independent contributing factors. However, some of the factors such as treatment, therapist, and clients depend on each other. There are many issues and dilemmas over the methodologies; a psychotherapist faces over his or her career. The counselors face many issues over the methodologies. Such as, the counselors and psychotherapists have to maintain a strict treatment frame (Borkovec, Ruscio, 2001). If the treatment frame is weak, the line between professionalism and personalization is breached. A counselor might feel strong emotion regarding the condition of a client, but the counselor has to maintain the treatment frame. Sometimes the therapist tries to apply another approach instead of the usual approach while treating the client. The methodological difference of these two approaches might bring some dilemma over the mind of the therapist (Luty et al., 2007). Another important issue, a psychiatrist faces when the abused client falls in love with the therapist even if the therapist is maintaining a completely different relationship with them. As the abused clients faces difficulty with intimacy, they easi ly fall in love with the therapist due to their new experience of having someone who actually listens to their problems (Cuiipers et al., 2011). One of the key issues this article is going to discuss is responsiveness. The competency of a therapist depends on his responsiveness regarding the information the client gives. The responsiveness from the side of the client makes the outcome of the therapy more positive. The feedback of the client for the study is also a part of being responsive (Etherington, 2009). One study was done on responsiveness of the couples who has attended couple therapy session. The study over the responsiveness of the couples has done a randomized control research. The psychotherapists face some issues while providing therapy to the patients with anxiety disorder. The psychotherapists mostly treat the clients with generalized anxiety disorders with CBT (Cognitive behavioral therapy). As the patients with anxiety deals with the negative thoughts, they try to reject the therapists idea about preventing the anxiety producing thoughts. The therapists are now trying to treat the patients with Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). The therapy is successful while treating patients with mood disorder and eating disorder. Few therapists have been using this method as a test methodology while treating patients with anxiety disorder. This mentioned issue is going to be discussed in this article (Barker, Vossler, Langdridge, 2010). Methodological issues in outcome research: Issue 1: One of the issues, which are going to be explored in this article, is the issue over responsiveness the psychotherapists faces. Being responsive is human nature as the people are always responsive to each other. Both the therapist and the client are responsive over each other for a period. To give an example, a therapist is being responsive when he or she is prescribing the client or treating the client based on the issues the client has. A client also behaves responsively to the therapist over some issues, such as, when the client is giving feedback to the therapist (Cooper, McLeod, 2010). As the psychotherapists are trained to be responsive towards the indication of improvement or corrosion from the behavior of the client. This implies that, the feedback of the client in necessary for the psychotherapists to be responsive. This helps them to get relevant information about the outcome measures . This depends on the client patient alliance. The therapist may feel ethical di lemma as a client may not be responsive to the treatment prescribed by the therapist and the therapist might face ethical dilemma over changing the therapy procedure as the patient might resent it as well (Palmer, 2007). To study the outcome result, a essay named Using Client Feedback to Improve Couple Therapy Outcomes: A randomized Clinical Trial in a Naturalistic Setting were chosen (Anker, Duncan, Sparks, 2009). Study design: The study about responsiveness was done on 453 couples who went to couples therapy in a community based outpatient settings. The groups were randomized into two groups (Feedback group and Treatment as usual group) before the therapists were assigned to these couples. After the session, the clients of the feedback group were invited to give feedback about improving the process of the therapy. Limitation of the study: The therapists used just one outcome measure in the analysis. Other than that, the instruments used by the patients were brief. It limited the understanding of the given feedback by the patients. If the clients and the therapists had alliance that is more extensive then the assessments would have given better result. Intentionally, the study is more pragmatic and replicates the happenings of the clinical practice. The therapists were told to be their own control. There were no special allegiance between the therapists serving in TAU group and feedback group. Result of the study: The study was done to determine the effect of giving feedback over couples therapy in comparison with a TAU group ( Treatment as Usual) in a natural condition of a community clinic. The result is the study was in consistency with the hypothesis as the result of the feedback group were emerged as superior from the results of the TAU group. In the end, it was seen that the post treatment average score of the couples in the feedback group (26.35) were five points greater than the score of the TAU group (21.69). In the above study, the research used patient focus research paradigm to overcome outcome challenges related to irresponsiveness of client during psychotherapy. The advantage of this strategy was that it enhanced outcome by taking continuous progress feedback from clients and results was evident by improvement in outcome of patient in feedback group compared to treatment as usual group. It helped in systematic evaluation of clients response to treatment and helped to address issues of dropout in research too. The effect of regular feedback of client was also consistent with other research. However, there are many areas in the responsiveness issues of psychotherapy, which remained unexplored. As there might be diverse type of clients coming with different types of risk during psychotherapy, the consideration for future will be to tailor feedback process so that people with communication difficulties can also participate actively in such session. The methodology of Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is efficient in treating both mood disorder and eating disorder. CBT or cognitive behavioral therapy is known as the best therapy method for the patients with anxiety disorder. IPT is an attachment-focused psychotherapy, which resolves the interpersonal problems. The approach is known for the symptomatic recovery of the patients. IPT is highly structured approach and ends within a definite period (Feltham, Hanley, Winter, 2017). As IPT is a structured framework, some therapists use it treat the patients suffering from anxiety. Using IPT for treating anxiety disorder is a methodological issue as it is still untested as a method for treating anxiety. For this issue, a paper named Critical Review of Outcome research on Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders is chosen. As there is lack of the evidence-based study, the chosen article reviews the effect of IPT on social phobia, panic disorder, PTSD and from these evidences, t he possible effect of IPT on anxiety disorder is discussed (Markowitz, Lipsitz, Milrod, 2014). Rationale: There are two reason of choosing IPT as a method to treat the patients with anxiety. The first reason is, anxiety disorders have some interpersonal features and shares this characteristic with panic disorder, PTSD and social phobia as all of these disorders have interpersonal features. The second reason is the time limitation of IPT, which requires the therapist to complete the therapy within 12-16 weeks. Study designs: The paper searched many literature using Pubmed and Scholarly, and selected 11 studies, 4 of which on social phobia, six for open trials, two studies on panic disorder and 5 for PTSD. Social phobia and Social Anxiety disorder: In the first set of studies, 14 week of IPT was conducted for 9 patients who have social phobia and anxiety. Another study was conducted with providing 14 weeks IPT and psychodynamic therapy to 70 patients with social anxiety disorder in two different randomized groups. The results were compared. Another study in Norway compared 10 weeks of group IPT with Group CBT in a specialized way as 80 patients were treated in a residential setting. There were two studies where 106 medication free patients were randomized for 16 session of CBT or IPT for DSM-IV and Social Anxiety Disorder. In this study, all of the therapists had background with CBT but one of the therapists was specialized in IPT. Results- In the first set of studies, 7 out of 9 patients were reported as improved. They were rated by the Clinical Global Improvement scale (CGI). The patients who were reported improvement were tasted on Liebowitaz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and were reported 78% improved. In the second set of study, the patients of both of the group have significantly improved. The LSAS score was just a little bit better in IPT than psychodynamic therapy. In the third set of study which was conducted in Norway, where all of the patients were also given medication along with the therapy in two groups, one receiving CBT and another was receiving IPT. Both of these groups showed significant improvement on the Anxiety Disorder Interview schedule. There was no significant difference between both groups (Ponterotto, Kuriakose, Granovskaya, 2008). In the last study, the German trial, which randomized 106 patients without medication, has showed a distinct result. The group treated with IPT showed less improvements. 66% of the patients of CBT showed improvement, whereas 32% of the patients receiving IPT were moderately improved (Riessman, Speedy, 2007). There was a study in Australia, who treated 13 patients who battled PTSD for 1 year. They were given group IPT and nine of them were given medications. Some of the symptoms associated with CBT were improved (Kazdin, 2008). However, there were no overall improvements. Similar results were found on different studies as well. Result- There were many studies on the effect of IPT on PTSD. The results showed improvement on the symptoms of PTSD such as social personality disorders and many more. However, the overall improvement of PTSD remained unclear (Fava et al., 2008). These results show that IPT lowered anxiety symptoms and was well tolerated by all the patients. IPT definitely showed promise as an intervention for treating anxiety disorder. The above article recognized the methodological issue of conducting psychotherapy in patients with anxiety and employed the technique of interpersonal psychotherapy to overcome the issue. The use of this approach is effective because it specifically targets people with mood disorders and focuses on useful meaning of emotions to develop therapeutic relationship with client during the therapy. Review of different research using IPT for patients with PTSD and panic disorder showed that IPT reduced anxiety symptoms and promotes getting better outcomes for patient. Another advantage of IPT is that it overcomes the limitation of CBT and focus on feelings in interpersonal situation instead of cognition to understand signals of client during interpersonal encounter sessions in therapy (Dag et al., 2015). However, some disadvantage found in the research study was that mediating factors influencing IPTs effect and adaptation rate was not properly explained by the researcher. Hence, as IPT may not work for different patient subsamples, there is a need to consider specific process for adaptation of IPT to yield greater efficacy in research outcome. Conclusion: As the treatment of psychotherapy is a holistic approach, the therapists are bound to have many issues while treating the patients with different problems. Many issues they face are ethical and many of the issues are methodological. The article is concerned with the outcome result of two such methodological issues. The first issue, which has been discussed, is responsiveness, which is necessary for the therapist to make a positive outcome for the patients. Responsiveness from the patients comes through their feedbacks of the therapy. One study named Using Client Feedback to Improve Couple Therapy Outcomes: A randomized Clinical Trial in a Naturalistic Setting was chosen for the outcome study. From this study, it can be concluded that responsiveness is necessary for the revised treatment of the patients. The second issue was the usage of IPT methodology instead of CBT for the patients who have anxiety disorder. The study, which was chosen for the outcome result, is Critical Review of Outcome research on Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders. The result showed that the patients could be treated to an extent with IPT methodology instead of CBT. From this above discussion, it can be concluded that there is scope for the IPT methodology to improve as it can be successfully used as an intervention method to treat the patients with anxiety. Further researches are needed in this area. From the first case study, it can be concluded that to battle the dilemma, the psychotherapists should take feedback from the clients, as responsiveness is the only way to give the patients with proper treatment. References: Anker, M. G., Duncan, B. L., Sparks, J. A. (2009). Using client feedback to improve couple therapy outcomes: A randomized clinical trial in a naturalistic setting.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,77(4), 693. Barker, M., Vossler, A., Langdridge, D. (2010).Understanding counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. Borkovec, T. D., Ruscio, A. M. (2001). Psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder.The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Cooper, M., McLeod, J. (2010).Pluralistic counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. Cuijpers, P., Geraedts, A. S., van Oppen, P., Andersson, G., Markowitz, J. C., van Straten, A. (2011). Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression: a meta-analysis.American Journal of Psychiatry,168(6), 581-592. Dag, J., Asplund, R. P., Bsenko, H. A., Hjerling, S., Holmberg, A., Westh, S., ... Andersson, G. (2014). Cognitive behavior therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder delivered via smartphone and computer: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of anxiety disorders,28(4), 410-417. Etherington, K. (2009). Life story research: A relevant methodology for counsellors and psychotherapists.Counselling and Psychotherapy Research,9(4), 225-233. Feltham, C., Hanley, T., Winter, L. A. (Eds.). (2017).The SAGE handbook of counselling and psychotherapy. Sage. Luty, S. E., Carter, J. D., McKENZIE, J. M., Rae, A. M., Frampton, C. M., Mulder, R. T., Joyce, P. R. (2007). Randomised controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitivebehavioural therapy for depression.The British Journal of Psychiatry,190(6), 496-502. Markowitz, J. C., Lipsitz, J., Milrod, B. L. (2014). Critical review of outcome research on interpersonal psychotherapy for anxiety disorders.Depression and anxiety,31(4), 316-325. Palmer, S. (2007). PRACTICE: A model suitable for coaching, counselling, psychotherapy and stress management.The Coaching Psychologist,3(2), 71-77. Stiles, W. B. (2009). Responsiveness as an obstacle for psychotherapy outcome research: It's worse than you think.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice,16(1), 86-91. Ponterotto, J. G., Kuriakose, G., Granovskaya, Y. (2008). Counselling and psychotherapy.The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology, 455-471. Riessman, C. K., Speedy, J. (2007). Narrative inquiry in the psychotherapy professions.Handbook of narrative inquiry: Mapping a methodology,426456. Fava, M., Rush, A. J., Alpert, J. E., Balasubramani, G. K., Wisniewski, S. R., Carmin, C. N., ... Warden, D. (2008). Difference in treatment outcome in outpatients with anxious versus nonanxious depression: a STAR* D report.American Journal of Psychiatry,165(3), 342-351. Kazdin, A. E. (2008). Evidence-based treatment and practice: new opportunities to bridge clinical research and practice, enhance the knowledge base, and improve patient care.American psychologist,63(3), 146.